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Canarian Americans are Americans with ancestry that can be traced back to settlers and emigrants from the Canary Islands (Spain) arrived since the 16th century to the present to the modern United States. Most them are descendant of settlers who emigrated to the Spanish colonies of the Southern United States during the 18th century. The Canarians were between the first settlers of modern United States, when in 1569 embarked a group of Canarian farmers to Florida (a group of settlers who then were followed for others, both in Florida as in Louisiana and Texas). The Canarian Americans make up several communities formed by thousands of people in San Antonio (Texas), Louisiana and Miami. The Canarian American communities in the two first places are basically of settler descent (arrived in what is now the United States in the 18th century), while the third is of more recent migration. These communities (particularly those of settler origin because of its isolation) constitute a distinct group within the American population, having preserved the culture of their ancestors through to the present date. Most Canarian Americans speak English, with smaller communities that are also fluent in French (in Valenzuela, Louisiana) and Nahuatl (in Galveztown, Louisiana). Some Canarian Americans speak also Spanish (mainy immigrants and some descendant of settlers in Louisiana). In particular, some members of the Canarian American community of Saint Bernard Parish, in Louisiana (known as ''Isleños''), have not only managed to preserve their culture (as the Canarian Americans of San Antonio), but had also retained until recently the Canarian Spanish dialect used in the 18th century. The success of Canarian Americans of settler origin in preserving their culture has led some historians and anthropologists such as Jose Manuel Balbuena Castellano to consider the Isleño American community a national heritage of both of the US and the Canary Islands. == History == Canarian emigration to the modern United States started in the 16th century, when Spain had several colonies in the southern portion of the country. The first Canarians (or people resident there) arrived to South of modern United States came as early in 1539, when the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto recruited some expeditions in the Canary Islands to explore La Florida. Later, in 1569 other group of Canarians farmers embarked to Florida. Nevertheless, colonial Florida remained sparsely populated, with most of the population living at the port of Saint Augustine, which was protected by a military fortress. However, along to Florida, others Spanish colonies in Americas also remained depopulated, due to the sparsely attention given by Spain since the point of view of the immigration, because these colonies were considered little rich as to metals and wealth refers. So, during the 18th century and basing in the so-called ''Tributo de Sangre'' ("Blood Tribute" (1678 - 1764), Spanish law that established that, per hundred tonnes of cargo that somewhere of the Spanish America sent to Spain, this, in turn, sent five Canarian families of five members each to Hispanic America, in order to populate regions having low peninsular populations there - although generally the cargo envoy from Hispanic America to Spain was higher-), the Spanish crown sent several groups of Canarians settlers to its colonies in the South of the modern United States (and in other parts of Americas) with the goal of repopulating these regions.〔Hernández González, Manuel. La emigración canaria a América (Canarian Emigration to the Americas). Pages 15 and 43 - 44 (about the expeditions and Canarian emigration of Florida and Texas), page 51 (about of the Canarian emigration to Louisiana). First Edition January, 2007〕 Thus, between 1731 and 1783 many Canarian families emigrated to southern U.S. for founded and populated places, establishing communities there. In 1731, 16 Canarian families were sent to San Antonio, Texas, most of which came directly from the Canary Islands (and some came from Havana), arriving to Veracruz (in the modern Mexico) and crossing the city (and, since here, some few cities more) on foot until up arrived to Texas and under the leadership of Canarian politician Juan Leal Goraz, who eventually would become in first mayor of San Antonio.〔Canarias: Canarias. Temas canarios (Paragraph:("Fundación de San Antonio de Texas por canarios" ) – 248k – in Spanish). Translation: Canary. Themes canaries. (Paragraph: "The founding of San Antonio Texas for canaries"). Posted in November, 2007.〕 This community had confrontation with the monks respect to property or consumptive use of some rivers there.〔 Between 1718 and 1734, Florida was governed by the Lieutenant General Antonio de Benavides, originating from Tenerife (Canary Islands), and Carlos Benites Franquis de Lugo and Simón de Herrera, both also from Tenerife, governed Texas between 1736 - 37 and in 1811 respectively.〔Harris Gaylord Warren and Jack D. L. Homes, ("HERRERA, SIMON DE" ), ''Handbook of Texas Online''〕 Later, in 1749, ''La Real Compañía de Comercio de La Habana'' (The Royal Society of Commerce of Havana), a monopolistic corporation that tried to encourage commercial traffic between Cuba and the peninsula, was require by their statutes to provide annually two vessels bringing 500 Canarian families to Florida. So, between 1757 and 1759, 154 Canarian families were sent to Florida,〔 (although most of settlers of Florida emigrated to Cuba when the then province was ceded to United Kingdom after of the 7 Year War), followed by others 700 Canarian emigrants (according authors such as Carlos Canales Torres and Fernando Martinez Láinez) in the years following to the loss of the province.〔 Florida was reconquered by Spain in 1784. However, when Florida was ceded to United States in 1819, most of new settlers also emigrated to Cuba (as happened in 1763, when Florida was ceded to United Kingdom). Anyway, still after of the elimination of the ''Tributo de Sangre'' law, between 1778 and 1783 were sent over 4,000 Canarians to Louisiana (with the half of them staying in Venezuela and Cuba, where the ship stopped over during his trip to Louisiana), when this place was Spanish, settling down, finally, some 2,100 Canarians in it place. In Louisiana, the settlers eventually would originated three communities: St. Bernard Parish, Valenzuela (where the Canarians were mixed with Cajuns, and his descendant speak French) and Barataria (abandoned shortly after because a hurricane in the place, from where the settlers were settled elsewhere in Louisiana and Florida). Also in 1779, other Canarians were established in Galveston, Texas, with Mexican militaries. However, in 1800, after of fast floods and prolonged droughts in this place, those settlers were resettled in Baton Rouge, where founded Galveztown.〔 Other places of South United States also had Canarian settlers during the Spanish period in these territories. So, some places in Southern California were founded by Canary Island colonists〔 and there are also records of Canary Islanders colonists and their descendants living in New Mexico in the 19th century.〔 Since his arrived to modern United States in the 16th century, Isleños took part, as community, in many historic events: So, they participated in the American Revolutionary War (in 1782 - 83), fought in the War of 1812 (in 1814), defended the Alamo (in 1836), and after of the incorporation of Louisiana and Texas into the United States, they fought in U.S. wars such as the American Civil War (developed between 1861 and 1865), both World Wars and the Vietnam War. After this war, in the 50s, in Louisiana, the Government forced all students of the Saint Bernard Parish school to speak only English (Hispanics were even to forced not speak Spanish in public in this parish), so losing eventually the Spanish language in the Parish´s community. Since the 20th century a new Canary emigration different from above was developed, since these migrant can not have the status of settlers - only of migrants -, and they are primarily aimed at Florida. Many of the Canarians living in United States only live there temporality and by labor issues. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Canarian Americans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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